Diabetic neuropathy is a complication of diabetes that affects the nerves. The most common type, peripheral neuropathy, impacts sensory and motor nerves in the extremities and other areas. Diabetic neuropathy can also affect the autonomic nervous system, which regulates unconscious vital functions.
Doctors do not yet fully understand how diabetes damages the nervous system.
Peripheral neuropathy — numbness and loss of feeling (usually first in feet or hands), slower reflexes, pain varying from minor discomfort to severe pain. Pain is typically described as "pins and needles," sharp, lightning-like, or deep aches that interfere with sleep. Weak muscles.
Autonomic neuropathy — low blood pressure and dizziness upon rising quickly, rapid or irregular heartbeats, nausea or vomiting, difficulty swallowing, constipation and diarrhea.
An accurate diagnosis is essential, as approximately half of patients with suspected diabetic neuropathy have other underlying causes. While no specific cure exists, multiple treatment options are available.
Prevention is the priority. Maintaining normal blood sugar levels significantly reduces progression risk. Beneficial nutritional supplements include:
Pain management typically involves non-narcotic medications, including anti-seizure drugs and antidepressants that stabilize nerve membranes. Topical creams may also provide nighttime relief. Medications can address nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Numbness may improve with nutritional support and pain relief, though complete resolution is uncommon.
Neuropathy can worsen other diabetes complications. Since numbness may prevent awareness of injuries or infections, inspect feet and lower legs regularly. Seek prompt medical attention for calluses, skin sores, or other concerns.
Neuropathy risk continues throughout diabetes. However, controlled diabetes may significantly reduce this risk.
Prevention involves controlling diabetes and maintaining overall health:
Specialists in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Neurology with specific expertise can effectively diagnose and treat diabetic neuropathy, though expertise varies widely.
David S. Weingarden, M.D. & Associates P.C. have been successfully treating many patients with diabetic neuropathy for over 10 years. Contact us at (586) 228-2882 to schedule an evaluation.
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